Fixes failure on Rawhide:
TEST-88-UPGRADE.sh[512]: Transaction failed: Rpm transaction failed.
TEST-88-UPGRADE.sh[512]: Warning: skipped OpenPGP checks for 15 packages from repository: @commandline
TEST-88-UPGRADE.sh[512]: - package systemd-shared-260~devel-20260218150812.fc45.x86_64 does not verify: no signature
This makes it possible to have DNS requests for certain domains routed
differently than normal requests, which is for instance useful when
using policy routing to route traffic over a VPN but DNS requests for
the VPN endpoint itself, should be routed differently.
It doesn't make much sense to configure a firewall mark at the level of
a network interface, but at the level of a DNS delegate it can be very
useful.
Currently, if we're copying a file, we won't copy the owner UID/GID
from the source. If we're copying a directory, we will copy the owner
UID/GID from the source. Let's give users a bit more control over this
behavior by introducing --copy-ownership= which will default to the
current behavior but allows users to explicitly enable/disable copying
of ownership.
This reverts (in sprit) commit f5cdf9515a,
"udev-rules: ignore non-system user/group in OWNER=/GROUP=".
The original change was done to clean up a situation where we added a
new group, but the group could already have been used for some other
purposes, and now the some unexpected entity would own the device.
Unfortunately, this check doesn't really address the issue, since the
existing account might as well be a system account, which might be
equally bad. In addition, this change is a big compatiblity break,
causing existing rules to stop working. Since quite a lot of systems
have local configuration to assign devices to users for various
purposes, this is very noticable to users. In a way, the original change
to add a new group was the compat break, and follow-up patch to cahnge
the rule parsing evolved a small compat break into a much bigger one.
There is merit to the change though, since device nodes shouldn't be
owned by users and groups and different mechanisms should be used
instead. To avoid breaking users systems, and since the original goal
cannot be achieved by this patch, let's downgrade this to a warning
to guide users towards different solutions.
This essentially means the sysupdate tests are now run twice: once with
a monolithic update (`sysupdate update`) and once with a split update
(`sysupdate acquire; sysupdate install`).
Signed-off-by: Philip Withnall <pwithnall@gnome.org>
This contains the "bootctl install" related work from the #38764 split
out, but also includes the preparatory work already split out into
#40446.
I'll rebase this PR once the prep work is merged.
This has a simple CI test already, and has docs
The echo builtin provided by some shells (mksh) will interpret \x2d as
an escape sequence. This causes meson to fail:
```
test/fuzz/meson.build:93:52: ERROR: File fuzz-unit-file/dm-back-slash.swap does not exist.
```
Bug: https://bugs.gentoo.org/969789
When a cgroup is selected for termination, send varlink messages
to hooks registered in `/run/systemd/oomd.prekill-hooks/`.
oomd waits up to `PreKillHookTimeoutSec=` seconds for response
before proceeding with the kill.
In my testing I switched building my locally run CI integration tests to
ArchLinux and realized that for that the default sizes don't work
anymore, the images are larger than the space allocated. Let's bump the
size by 50% for the relevant disk images.
Let's use truncate -s … to create empty files (if they can be sparse)
Let's use fallocate -l … to create empty non-sparse files.
This should reduce the disk footprint of our tests a bit, given that in
most cases we won't use the allocate disk space in full, not even
remotely.
See the [design
doc](https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/38023#issue-3192567450)
by @ikruglov
This PR introduces the metrics API framework, adds some basic system
wide/per unit/service metrics, and a basic CLI. The PR is broken into
two commits as described below.
### Deviations from the original design
- Introduced top level field "object" for ease of filtering. Instead of
having `fields: { unit: "foo", unit_type: "service" }`, we now have
`object: foo.service` as the top level field.
### First commit
The first commit includes:
- Metrics API definitions
- Code to set up the varlink server
- The describe method which shows all the metrics families
- The list method which lists all the metrics
- Type definitions related to MetricFamily
- Common code to build json objects
### Second commit
The second commit adds some basic metrics, a basic CLI (systemd-report)
which
lists the metrics, and integration tests.
**System wide metrics:**
- units_by_type_total
- units_by_state_total
**Two per unit metrics:**
- unit_active_state
- unit_load_state
**A service state metric:**
- nrestarts
### Sample outputs
**units_by_type_total**:
```
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.units_by_type_total",
"value" : 52,
"fields" : {
"type" : "target"
}
}
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.units_by_type_total",
"value" : 82,
"fields" : {
"type" : "device"
}
}
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.units_by_type_total",
"value" : 2,
"fields" : {
"type" : "automount"
}
}
```
**units_by_state_total**:
```
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.units_by_state_total",
"value" : 216,
"fields" : {
"state" : "active"
}
}
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.units_by_state_total",
"value" : 0,
"fields" : {
"state" : "reloading"
}
}
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.units_by_state_total",
"value" : 120,
"fields" : {
"state" : "inactive"
}
}
```
**unit_active_state**:
```
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.unit_active_state",
"object" : "multi-user.target",
"value" : "active"
}
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.unit_active_state",
"object" : "systemd-sysusers.service",
"value" : "inactive"
}
```
**unit_load_state**:
```
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.unit_load_state",
"object" : "multi-user.target",
"value" : "loaded"
}
```
**nrestarts**:
```
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.nrestarts",
"object" : "user@0.service",
"value" : 0
}
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.nrestarts",
"object" : "user-runtime-dir@0.service",
"value" : 0
}
```
When the extensions for the final system are already set up from the
initrd we should avoid disrupting the boot process with the remount
(which currently isn't atomic) and the daemon reload for
systemd-confext and systemd-sysext. Similarly, when sysupdate ran and
updated extensions it's best to avoid the remount and daemon reload if
no changes are found.
To do this, encode the current extension state in more detail than
before where only the names of the extensions where encoded in the
overlay mount. This can also be used to provide more details about the
extension origin in "systemd-sysext status (--json=)". During the
refresh add a check whether the old state matches the new state and in
this case skip the refresh unless the user provides a flag to always
refresh. Besides the extension name and the resolved path the best
method for identification is the verity hash but that is not available
for plain image files or directories. Therefore, also include data to
check for file/directory replacements. The creation/modification times
are not always real on reproducible images or extracted archive content.
The file handle together with the unique mount ID is the next best
identifier we can use when we have no verity hash. Fall back to an inode
when we get no handle. With the creation/modification time and the path
this should be good enough. Using a unique mount ID is important (with
a fallback to the regular non-unique mount ID) instead of st_dev because
st_dev gets reused too easily, e.g., by a loop device mount and the
mount ID helps to catch this. For the mount ID to be valid it has to be
resolved before we enter the new mount namespace. Thus, it gets provided
by the image dissect logic and handed over to the sysext subprocess
which runs in a new mount namespace.
Luckily, we can rule out online modification of directories or image
files because this is anyway not well supported with overlay mounts, so
we don't do a file checksum nor do we recurse into a directory to look
for the most recently touched files. But, as said, with the
always-refresh flag one can force a reload.
Then, let's make syslog_parse_identifier() returns PID as pid_t, rather
than the string.
This also makes the function refuse ridiculously long identifier.
Fixes#40456.
Fixes oss-fuzz#477990732 (https://issues.oss-fuzz.com/issues/477990732).
These are some patches we currently have in Ubuntu for the development
release. A couple are related to Ubuntu switching to uutils coreutils by
default.
Partially reverts d6b3793704.
On Ubuntu 26.04 devel, TEST-75-RESOLVED often fails at this stage,
despite the matching query apparently being found:
+ monitor_check_rr '2025-12-18 16:02:54' 'follow10.so.close.signed.test IN CNAME follow11.yet.so.far.signed.test'
+ set +x
Dec 18 16:02:54 ns1.unsigned.test resolvectl[552]: ← A: follow10.so.close.signed.test IN CNAME follow11.yet.so.far.signed.test
+ monitor_check_rr '2025-12-18 16:02:54' 'follow11.yet.so.far.signed.test IN CNAME follow12.getting.hot.signed.test'
+ set +x
Dec 18 16:02:54 ns1.unsigned.test resolvectl[552]: ← A: follow11.yet.so.far.signed.test IN CNAME follow12.getting.hot.signed.test
+ monitor_check_rr '2025-12-18 16:02:54' 'follow12.getting.hot.signed.test IN CNAME follow13.almost.final.signed.test'
+ set +x
Dec 18 16:02:54 ns1.unsigned.test resolvectl[552]: ← A: follow12.getting.hot.signed.test IN CNAME follow13.almost.final.signed.test
+ monitor_check_rr '2025-12-18 16:02:54' 'follow13.almost.final.signed.test IN CNAME follow14.final.signed.test'
+ set +x
Dec 18 16:02:54 ns1.unsigned.test resolvectl[552]: ← A: follow13.almost.final.signed.test IN CNAME follow14.final.signed.test
Unsetting pipefail, as was done before d6b3793704, appears to fix the
problem.
fstab/crypttab generation were moved to the late stage to support
'fixate-volume-key' option. This, however, broke the use-case when
fstab/crypttab are put to the generated partition/image.
Fixes#40444
With GNU coreutils, one can pass an argument to the "set" flag like:
date -s "-3 days"
With uutils coreutils, that gives an error:
error: unexpected argument '-3' found
tip: to pass '-3' as a value, use '-- -3'
That's a bug (https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/issues/9679), but both
implementations accept --set="-3 days" just fine, so use that instead.
On Ubuntu's test infrastructure for the development series, this test
often fails when piping the journal output to head. The cause is
unclear, but possibly related to Ubuntu's use of uutils coreutils.
Workaround this by just using journalctl's -n flag, which removes the
need for piping output to head.
This is needed to set up extension images from the initrd with
`systemd-sysext --root=/sysroot/ merge`.
- vpick: Don't use openat directly but resolve symlinks in given root
With systemd-sysext --root= all symlinks should be followed relative to
the given root and direct openat usage doesn't work.
Remove the openat call and let pin_choice do the work with the chase
helper function to resolve the symlink in the given root.
- discover-image: Follow symlinks in a given root
So far systemd-sysext with --root= specified didn't follow extension
symlinks (such as the "current" symlinks managed by systemd-sysupdate).
The main use case is running systemd-sysext --root=/sysroot for setting
up the overlay mounts already from the initrd.
Resolve symlinks correctly but don't defend against later symlink races
that would access a path outside of the given root. Malicous live
modifications are not a realistic threat model and anyway for that one
would need to rework how the image entry is passed over up to the point
when the loop device is set up. This change here does not introduce this
weakness nor does it expose it more than before. Thus, make it explicit
that setting up the extensions for a given --root= implies a certain
trust into this given root tree that it does not try do race conditions
with symlinks to trick systemd-sysext to mount a file outside --root=.
Without a strict --image-policy= set we would anyway mount filesystems
right away which is another attack vector but, again, the main use case
is to do this for the final system which is trusted at this stage.
- sysext: Use correct image name for extension release checks
For the extension release check the image name is needed and was derived
from the backing file of the loop device. However, this can have a
different name when symlinks were resolved. The surprising behavior was
that it worked when the target name started with the extension name and
_ because that's what's supported to chop off version suffixes. However,
we should not have such strict requirements for the target name and also
allow - as version separator and entirely different names/prefixes, the
same way as we also do for directories instead of raw images.
Do not use the image name derived from the backing file of the loop
device but directly the extension name we have at hand.
- test: Add tests for handling symlinks with systemd-sysext
When we now allow following symlinks inside a --root= we should also
test that it works in various cases from simple relative and absolute
symlinks to .v being a symlink itself or its contents, both for
directory and for .raw image extensions. While at it, also add a simple
test for .v without symlinks which wasn't there for direct usage of
systemd-sysext.
User and group systemd-network are created from
sysusers.d/systemd-network.conf, which is only copied into the test
image when building with -Dnetworkd=true. This means that if
-Dnetworkd=false is used, the user and the group don't exist, which
causes the test to fail.
Use a locally created user and group to avoid that.
When we now allow following symlinks inside a --root= we should also
test that it works in various cases from simple relative and absolute
symlinks to .v being a symlink itself or its contents, both for
directory and for .raw image extensions. While at it, also add a simple
test for .v without symlinks which wasn't there for direct usage of
systemd-sysext.
Lennart Poettering
Luca Boccassi
Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
Jörg Behrmann
Yaping Li
Yu Watanabe
r-vdp
Daan De Meyer
Daan De Meyer
Mike Yuan
Philip Withnall
Mike Gilbert
Matteo Croce
Cathy Hu
Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
Kai Lueke
Nick Rosbrook
Vitaly Kuznetsov
David Tardon
Lennart Poettering